Hi,
I am new to agents of GBM. I have following questions
1) Is it necessary or beneficial to take Celebrex in the periods between chemotherapy(TMZ) cycles?
2) We also want to add Tamoxifen to my mother's cocktail list, But we are not sure if it will be effective.
3)One study article tells me that adding folic acid will be helpful to change MGMT from unmethylated status to methylated status, Is that correct?
It would be greatly appreciated if you could share your knowledge or information about these questions.
Stephen, Would you like to help me?
Best Regards
James Zhou
I believe that a COX-2 inhibitor like Celebrex is especially important during and following radiation, as one of the ways the tumor responds to radiation is by increasing prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production making the tumor cells more invasive and increasing immunosuppression. COX-2 is an important enzyme in the PGE2 production pathway, and blocking it is especially important during this period.
ReplyDeleteThere have been many clincial trials of tamoxifen for high grade glioma, but none of them have been that conclusive in my view. One trial in China showed tamoxifen + radiation was comparable in efficacy to TMZ + radiation, but the majority of patients in this trial had grade 3 gliomas, not GBM. In a different study, for recurrent GBM, there was a 20% response rate to tamoxifen alone, suggesting tamoxifen will have some benefit in a subset of GBM patients.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9816211
Folic acid, after being metabolized to 5-MTHF, can participate in overall DNA methylation. This is because 5-MTHF is an essential co-factor for remethylating homocysteine to methionine, and methionine ultimately provides the methyl groups for DNA methylation. This is the basis for clinical trials such as this one:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01700569
"In preclinical models, it has been demonstrated that MGMT methylation (which is silencing the DNA repair process) is achievable by folic acid"
I've not seen any data published from this trial, so whether this would work in humans is unknown. Increasing overall DNA methylation in a non-targeted way could have many unpredictable effects on the tumor beyond simply influencing MGMT expression.
Levetiracetam (Keppra) has actually been shown to reduce MGMT expression in 4 patients at standard anti-seizure doses, and fluoxetine (Prozac) has also reduced MGMT expression in preclinical models.
Strangely, in this study (2015) phase 2 it was said that there was no effect on survival with the addition of celecoxib.
Deletehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25239666
And nevertheless, it is included in the list of Š”USPv4 in 2016.
Perhaps it has a synergistic effect, with other drugs CUSPv4?
If you look at the graphs from this study, especially figure 2, it shows a survival advantage of celecoxib, when looking at the 77 patients on a celecoxib containing regimen versus 78 patient on a regimen without celecoxib. However, the advantage did not reach statistical significance (HR=0.8, p=0.32) in this phase 2 trial. A larger trial might have been able to show statistical significance. COX-2 blockade likely does have some benefit, but as a single target the benefit is apparently modest. The whole idea behind CUSP is that simultaneous targeting of multiple targets is necessary, whereas focusing on a single target in isolation will prove to be futile.
DeleteStephen:
ReplyDeleteThanks Again
James Zhou