Auranofin

I've just added auranofin to my top 10 GBM drug list.  It is a thioredoxin reductase inhibitor (an enzyme which is strongly overexpressed in GBM), and a broad inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in lung cancer cells, and an inhibitor of phosphofructokinase, one of the most important enzymes in the glycolytic pathway.  It has shown synergy with disulfiram in a recent hepatocellular cancer mouse model.

Two clinical drugs deubiquitinase inhibitor auranofin and aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor disulfiram trigger synergistic anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo.

It is included in the CUSP9 protocol at the dose of 3 mg twice daily (starting dose 3 mg once daily).